The research paper explores the role and principles of developing practical exercises in geography education, particularly in fostering students’ competencies. It analyzes common types of geography practical exercises at the 10th-grade level in specialized high schools. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes a specific process for designing practical exercises suitable for 10th-grade geography education in specialized high schools. This process aims to assist teachers in creating interactive, student-driven, and creative practical exercises that align with the students.