Anemia is very common in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis as a consequence of erythropoietin deficiency. Correction of anemia associated with this condition mainly relies on supplementation. of erythropoietin and intravenous iron. The authors performed a study in 98 hemodialysis patients in Hai Phong showed that 89.8 percents patient have anemia, 58.5 percent is very severe and severe anemia. In a group of 26 patients with anemia, supplementation of iron and epoetin alfa obviously improved iron status and hemoglobin (hematocrit). After receiving 1g intravenous iron sucrose, ferritin increased from 162.4 + or - 40.08 to 545.8 + or - 108.47 ng/ml (p 0.00l). After 8 weeks treated with both subcutaneous epoetin alfa (6000 IU/week) and low-dose intravenous iron sucrose (25-50 mg/week), Hb increased from 87.1 + or - 9.8 to 107.5 + or - 6.9 g/L, (p 0.00l), serum ferritin was maintained stable (657.3 + or - 232.79 vs 659.6 + or - 165.33 ng/ml, p 0.05). There were no serious drug - related adverse events. Conclusions: Anemia in hemodialysis patients is serious. The protocol to supplement EPO and iron in accordance with the National Kidney Foundation K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines is effective and safe.