The population policy is one of the most interesting issues in Vietnam today. It is known as the policy and measures of the State to regulate the transformation of the population according to certain objectives. The population policy plays an important role in the population changes of Vietnam and it is reflected through its effects on fertility, mortality and migration in the country. With the results of specific studies, the author has presented all those impacts on the whole country and territories during 20 years among the three censuses of population in Vietnam in 1989, 1999 and 2009.