In the context of Vietnamese universities transitioning to an autonomous model, faculty development has become both urgent and strategic. This paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities that faculty members face in an autonomous environment, including the pressure to improve teaching quality, the demands for scientific research, and involvement in management decisions. Additionally, the paper offers policy recommendations and measures to support faculty, such as enhancing professional training, facilitating research opportunities, and creating a professional working environment. Developing a high-quality faculty is not only a requirement but also a key factor in determining the success of the autonomous university model in Vietnam.