This study helps to analyze the supply and use of black tiger shrimp (Penaneus monodon) in the Mekong delta. The hatcheries were operated about 5.5 cycles/year, used 29.2 nauplii nursing tanks/cycle in order to produce 49 million post larvae which were mainly distributed to grow-out fanners, directly. Water quality, supply of broodstock and reproduction techniques with more regards given to the time of supply and quality of shrimp seed were major concerns of the hatchery operators. The nursery/trading sites had an average area about 146 m2 and were operated 50.9 cycles with the input post larvae were mostly imported from the Central region, and then about f 34.8 million post larvae were sold out The nursery/trading sites had to sold for major problems such as lack of capita, seasonality, and high level of competition. There were various farming systems of black tiger shrimp in the delta, but the most common ones were improved extensive systems. Shrimp seed were bought from different sources for stocking at different seasons, densities and times with more concerns were given to the quality of seed, depending on the conditions of each farming systems. Shrimp seed covered about ~ percent of total production costs for intensive/semiintensive fanns while this number ranged from 10-20 percent for improved extensive models. In general, the supply has not met the demand for shrimp seed in terms both of quantity, quality and time. More attention should be given to the sources of seed, quality checking/testing and stocking density as well as less stocking times/crop, especially in improved extensive models. There were limitations in the management of shrimp industry, especially quality control of brood stock and post larvae, as well as environmental monitoring and warning. It is important to have a better planning for development of shrimp hatchery network and concentrated grow-out farms in association with the balance between supply of and demand for shrimp seed, more improvement and transfers of reproduction and grow-out techniques. A better provision of market information is also essential for further development of this industry in the delta.