The article analyzed the survey in 397 peasant households which income is below 60 percent of average community income in 5 provinces (Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Yen Bai, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang) in the following aspects: the income sources and accumulating capability, expenditure situation, housing and living facilities. Based on the analysis of this object's dynamic practical situation and the changing tendencies in rural areas in near future, the author proposed basic recommendations focusing on issues of employment and income security for peasant.