Varicocele in infertile males is associated with Leydig cell dysfunction and hypogonadism. The effect of varicocelectomy on serum testosterone level is not yet established. The authors analysed 20 heterosexual infertile men diagnosed to have clinical varicocele they had microsurgical varicocelectomy. All participants had serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and total testosterone (TT), measured both at recruitment time and 6 months later. In this group, the mean TT level increased significantly after varicocelectomy (1,77 + or - 0,18 - 2,57+ or - 0,43 ng/dL, p0,05).