To develop natural science cognitive capacity for students through hands-on experimental activities in teaching 5th-grade science, we have determined the principles of teaching organization and the teaching organization process through 3 specific steps: (1) Plan teaching to develop natural science cognitive capacity, (2) Organize teaching to develop natural science cognitive capacity according to plan, (3) Evaluate and adjust the plan. At the same time, we illustrate through the teaching process to specify the steps teachers will take. The effectiveness has been confirmed through pedagogical experimental results.