Đánh giá đặc điểm ô nhiễm As, Pb, Cu, Zn trong nước ở làng nghề Đông Mai (Hưng Yên) bằng các chỉ số đánh giá=Characteristics assessment of As, Pb, Cu, Zn contamination in water in Dong Mai (Hung Yen) craft village by using the evaluation indicators

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Tác giả: Thị Thủy Tiên Đỗ, Anh Tuấn Đoàn, Thu Vân Đông, Quang Đạo Lê, Lan Hoa Phạm

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Môi trường, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.45762

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 483399

Thêm vào giỏ

Ô nhiễm môi trường nước đang có xu hướng gia tăng và là vấn đề đáng báo động ở Việt Nam cũng như thế giới. Quá trình công nghiệp hóa, biến đổi khí hậu cùng các hoạt động sản xuất làng nghề đã và đang tạo ra nhiều chất gây ô nhiễm nước ở Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu trình bày sự phân bố As, Pb, Cu, Zn trong môi trường nước và đánh giá đặc điểm ô nhiễm kim loại nặng tại làng nghề Đông Mai
sử dụng phép phân tích thống kê đa biến để đánh giá các đặc điểm ô nhiễm As, Cu, Zn, Pb trong môi trường nước tại làng nghề bằng việc sử dụng các chỉ số đánh giá như chỉ số kim loại (MI), hệ số làm giàu (EF), yếu tố rủi ro sinh thái tiềm ẩn (ERF) và hệ số rủi ro sinh thái (ERI). Nghiên cứu cho thấy phép phân tích thống kê đa biến này có ý nghĩa quan trọng trong việc xác định nguồn và xuất xứ ô nhiễm. Đáng chú ý là tải lượng lớn của các nguyên tố (As, Cu, Zn) và Pb trong nước được phản ánh bởi hai thành phần chính PC1 và PC2 (theo phương pháp phân tích thành phần chính) cùng với những biến động theo mùa cho thấy cả hai nguồn ô nhiễm địa sinh và nhân sinh là nguồn gốc phát sinh chủ yếu đối với chỉ số kim loại (MI) và hệ số làm giàu (EF). Mặc dù yếu tố rủi ro sinh thái tiềm ẩn và chỉ số rủi ro sinh thái của nước mặt cũng như trong nước ngầm lần lượt tương ứng đều đạt ở mức thấp (ERF <
40 và ERI <
150) và (ERF <
40), nhưng do đặc tính khó phân hủy và khả năng tích lũy cao nên vẫn luôn tồn tại các nguy cơ rủi ro tiềm ẩn tác động tiêu cực đến hệ sinh thái. Trên cơ sở đó, nhóm tác giả kiến nghị cần thực hiện một chương trình nghiên cứu toàn diện và chi tiết về hàm lượng kim loại nặng trong nước ở một khu vực rộng hơn để xác định tổng thể, chi tiết vấn đề liên quan đến ô nhiễm kim loại nặng, nhằm xây dựng kế hoạch khắc phục và các giải pháp ngăn ngừa ô nhiễm hiệu quả hơn.Water pollution is on the rise and an alarming problem in Vietnam as well as all over ther world. The process of industrialization, climate change and craft village production activities have been creating many water polltants in Vietnam. This topic has presented the distribution of As, Pb, Cu, Zn in the water environment and evaluated the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in the Dong Mai craft village. We used the multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate the characteristics of As, Cu, Zn, Pb contamination in this village’s water environment by using the evaluation indices such as Metal index (MI), Enrichment factor (EF), the potential ecological risk factor (ERF) and the potential ecological risk index (ERI). This study has shown that the classical multivariate statistical analysis is significant to identify contamination sources and origin. It was notabled that the high loading of (As, Cu, Zn) and Pb in water, which reflected by the two main components PC1 & PC2 (according to the principal component analysis method), along with the seasonal variations was indicative of both geogenic and anthropogenic pollution as primary sources in terms of MI and EF. In this study, although the potential ecological risk factor and ecological risk index of surface water as well as ground water were at low level (ERF <
40 and ERI <
150) and (ERF <
40), respectively, but due to its properties’ difficulty in degrading and high accumulation ability, there has been always the potential risks that negatively impacted the ecosystem. Therefore, the authors recommended that the need for a comprehensive and detailed research program on heavy metal content in water in a wider area to identify the magnitude and detailed issues related to heavy metal pollution for the development of more effective remediation plans and pollution prevention solutions.

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