Ảnh hưởng của vi lượng boron và kẽm đến tỷ lệ đậu quả và năng suất hạt cây Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubillis L.) trồng tại Củ Chi – TP.HCM=Effects of Boron and Zinc Micronutrients on the Fruit Set Rate and Seed Yield of Sacha Inchi Grown in Cu Chi District, Ho Chi Minh City

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Tác giả: Lê Trọng Nhân Bùi, Minh Dũng Ngô, Quang Thạch Nguyễn, Thị Hương Trần, Thị Quý Trần, Thanh Hưng Trương

Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ - Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.31

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ID: 484242

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Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a seed crop with high nutritional content, with oil accounting for (52-53) % of the kernel weight. The oil contains 45.7 % omega-3, 44.19 % omega-6, and 0.63 % omega-9. The Sacha inchi flowers continuously throughout the year, with each flower cluster having over 32 female flowers and hundreds of male flowers. However, each cluster only produces 2.04 fruits on average (with a fruit set rate of only 6.23 %), and no effective method to increase the fruit set rate of this plant has been published. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of the Boron (B) and Zinc (Zn) micronutrients on improving fruit set and seed yield in Sacha inchi. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the experimental Sacha inchi garden of the Institute of Research and Development of Advanced Agricultural Biology in Cu Chi, Ho Chi Minh City. The study results indicated that the application of B and Zn, either individually or in combination (Zn + B), increased the fruit set rate and seed yield of Sacha inchi. The highest fruit set rate was achieved with the combined application of Zn 0.1 % and B 0.05 %, reaching 12.20 %, an increase of 1.83 times, and the highest yield in the first seed harvest was 3.93 tons/ha, a 2.05-fold increase compared to the control. The results have helped overcome the poor fruit set issue in Sacha inchi, contributing to improving the cultivation process for higher yields.Trong hạt Sacha inchi lượng dầu chiếm tới (52-53) % trọng lượng phần nhân, trong đó hàm lượng omega-3 chiếm 45,7 %, omega-6 chiếm 44,19 % và omega-9 chiếm 0,63 % hàm lượng dầu. Nghiên cứu này nhằm khảo sát ảnh hưởng của vi lượng boron (B) và kẽm (Zn) đến tăng khả năng đậu quả và năng suất hạt Sacha inchi. Thí nghiệm được bố trí theo kiểu khối hoàn toàn ngẫu nghiên (RCBD) tại vườn thực nghiệm trồng Sacha inchi của Viện Nghiên cứu và Phát triển Sinh học Nông nghiệp tiên tiến ở Củ Chi, TP. Hồ Chí Minh. Kết quả cho thấy việc bổ sung vi lượng B và Zn riêng lẻ hoặc kết hợp Zn + B đều làm tăng tỷ lệ đậu quả và năng suất hạt Sacha inchi, trong đó tỷ lệ quả đậu cao nhất ở khi sử dụng kết hợp cả Zn 0,1 % và B 0,05 % đạt 12,20 %, tăng 1,83 lần và năng suất lứa hạt đầu cũng đạt cao nhất (3,93 tấn/ha, tăng 2,05 lần so với đối chứng). Kết quả nghiên cứu đã giúp khắc phục tình trạng đậu quả kém của cây Sacha inchi, góp phần hoàn thiện quy trình trồng loại cây này đạt năng suất cao hơn.

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