The general education program of 2018 emphasizes mathematics education to form and develop essential qualities, general abilities, and mathematical competence in students. It aims to develop key knowledge and skills while providing opportunities for students to experience and apply mathematics in real life. The program seeks to establish connections between mathematical ideas, between mathematics and other scientific subjects, and between mathematics and practical life. Based on research on theoretical and practical issues regarding the assessment of computational abilities, this article identifies the manifestations of 5th grade students’ computational competence during mathematics learning in general and in practical activities and experiences specifically, thus proposing a process for designing tools to support the assessment of computational abilities.