The article seeks to address the possibilities of establishing the "peace in independence, unity" of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam missed by the French colonialists and later the American imperialists. After 9 years, the French did not win victory as they expected, along with the conciliatory tendency between two sides in the international front, the Geneva Conference came to end the war in Indochina, bringing a fragile and unsustainable peace. By analyzing causes, the author seeks to highlights such possibilities of the main obstacles as colonial thought of the French leadership in order to restore the French colonial regime in Indochina, the U.S intervention against so called the "communist" revolutionary threat of extensive and catastrophic war, the recalcitrant attitude of the Saigon government in reject of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam's proposals on the general elective preparation for national unification. The country has gone through nearly 80 years of Independence, did Vietnamese people have any decade under a complete peace? The journey in seeking peace still goes on.