Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a treatable disease with high prevalence and morbidity, associated with a significant economic burden. This study aimed to investigate the direct hospitalisation costs of patients with COPD covered by the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Vietnam. A retrospective study was conducted at Vinh Phuc General Hospital from 2015 to 2019, involving 1,629 patients. Sociodemographic features, clinical characteristics, and hospitalisation costs were collected. A multivariate generalised linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with hospitalisation costs. The mean total hospitalisation cost per patient was 430.74 USD (SD=618.39). Medication costs accounted for the highest proportion, followed by bed-day, procedures, function tests, imaging diagnosis, functional exploration, examination, and medical supplies. Antibiotics had the highest medication cost, at 99.37 USD (SD=126.24). The average number of hospitalisation days was 10.1, closely related to the direct cost. Age and comorbidities also affected hospitalisation costs.