This article reviews the research progress on the direct regulation of the immune system by the central nervous system. The traditional "neuro-endocrine-immune" network model has confirmed the close connection between the central nervous system and the immune system. However, due to the complex mediating role of the endocrine system, its application in clinical treatment is limited. In recent years, the direct regulation of the peripheral immune system through the central nervous system has provided new methods for the clinical treatment of neuro-immune related diseases. This article analyzes the changes in the peripheral immune system after central nervous system injury and summarizes the effects of various stimulation methods, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation(SCS), and vagus nerve stimulation(VNS), on the peripheral immune system(Figure1). Additionally, it explores the clinical research progress and future development directions of these stimulation methods. It is proposed that these neural regulation techniques exhibit positive effects in reducing peripheral inflammation, protecting immune cells and organ functions, and improving immunosuppressive states, providing new perspectives and therapeutic potential for the treatment of immune-related diseases.