Effective recovery of phosphorus from wastewater and its subsequent reutilization are crucial for controlling water eutrophication and promoting resourceful utilization of pollutants. In this study, an eco-friendly and highly efficient montmorillonite‑sodium alginate/chitosan beads (CS/SA-FeMT) was synthesized via the semi-interpenetrating network method for phosphorus adsorption, and its potential application as a fertilizer after phosphorus adsorption was also preliminarily investigated. The results revealed that the surface of CS/SA-FeMT was coated with granular montmorillonite, exhibiting a rougher layered stacking structure. Consequently, the phosphorus adsorption capacity of CS/SA-FeMT was significantly enhanced compared to montmorillonite or sodium alginate/chitosan beads alone, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 88.3 mg P/g. Furthermore, the adsorption interference experiment indicated that the CS/SA-FeMT composite demonstrated exceptional resistance to interference from common ions (Cl