The addition of microstructures to the inner surface of the stent reduces resistance and inhibits the phenomenon of blood adhesion. In this study, the design of a fish-scale microstructured vascular stent was proposed based on bionics, and its main design parameters were optimized using the finite element method. In addition, the hemodynamic effects of a standard stent and a fish-scale microstructured stent on an ideal cerebral aneurysm were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the fish-scale microstructured stent significantly accelerated intraluminal blood flow velocity by 11.6% compared to the standard stent. In addition, the fish-scale microstructured stent was able to reduce blood flow into the aneurysm lumen by 28.6%.