Differences of maxillula and hingement among three phylogenetic groups in the species of genus loxoconcha sars, 1866 (crustacea, ostracoda, podocopida) / DIFFICULTIES IN COMMUNICATION OF 3-4 YEAR - OLD- CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)

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Tác giả: Tsukagoshi Akira, Doãn Dũng Lê, Thị Thu Hằng Mai, Thị Hải Hà Nguyễn, Thị Tú Anh Nguyễn, Thị Hằng Phạm, Quốc Đảm Trần

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí khoa học công nghệ và thực phẩm, Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Đại học Thái Nguyên, 20172019

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A total of 27 species of the genus Loxoconcha, in which 21 species living in the coast of Japan, two species in the European and Mediterranean coasts and four species from Vietnam were presented in the present study. The data set of 6 species was referred from the previous literatures and of 21 species was shown here for the first time. Sampling was carried out in a variety of locations from Japan and Vietnam in period of 2012 to 2015. Species of genus Loxoconcha was divided into three phylogenetic groups based on the distributional pattern of the pore system below eye tubercle. The difference of the chaetotaxy on three endites of maxillula and the difference of length of posterior tooth of left valve's hingement were consistent with three phylogenetic groups. The total number of setae of three endites on the maxillula was lowest in the Group A, highest in the Group C, but the length of posterior tooth in hingement of the left valve was largest in the Group A and smallest in the Group C. On the other hand, the numbers of setae of exopodite and outer 1st( )podomere of the endopodite as well as the length of other hinge elements (posterior socket, anterior tooth) on the left valve did not show any remarkable relationships.Keywords(:) Loxoconcha, chaetotaxy, maxillula, taxonomy, phylogenyTổng số 27 loài thuộc giống Loxoconcha đã được sử dụng trong báo cáo này, trong đó 21 loài sống ở ven bờ Nhật Bản, 2 loài sống ở ven bờ biển Châu Âu và Địa Trung Hải và 4 loài ven bờ vùng biển nước ta. Kết quả nghiên cứu của 6 loài được tham khảo từ các báo cáo đã công bố, kết quả của 21 loài còn lại là hoàn toàn mới. Mẫu nghiên cứu được thu thập ở nhiều địa điểm khác nhau ven bờ biển Nhật Bản và Việt Nam từ năm 2012 đến 2015. Các loài thuộc giống Loxoconcha được chia thành ba nhóm chủng loại dựa trên mô hình phân bố các lỗ dưới mắt. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự khác nhau có ý nghĩa thống kê về tổng số tua của ba thùy ở hàm dưới và sự khác nhau về chiều dài răng sau của khớp nối vỏ ở vỏ trái giữa ba nhóm chủng loại. Tổng số tua của ba thùy ở hàm dưới ít nhất ở nhóm A và nhiều nhất ở nhóm C, nhưng chiều dài răng sau ở khớp nối vỏ của nhóm A là dài nhất, nhóm C là ngắn nhất. Ngoài ra, số lượng tua của phiến mang và của phần đầu ở hàm dưới, chiều dài các bộ phận khác trên khớp nối vỏ (hốc răng sau, răng trước) của vỏ trái không có sự khác nhau rõ ràng giữa ba nhóm.Keywords(:) Giống Loxoconcha, sắp xếp cấu trúc, hàm dưới, phân loại, phát sinh loàiĐặt vấn đề Khiếm khuyết về giao tiếp là một trong những đặc trưng của trẻ rối loạn phổ tự kỷ trong đó giao tiếp đóng vai trò quan trọng không thể thiếu và là điều kiện tồn tại của mỗi cá nhân và của xã hội loài người. Vì vậy việc nghiên cứu thực trạng khó khăn trong giao tiếp đối với trẻ phổ tự kỷ hiện nay là một vấn đề quan trọng cần được quan tâm.Mục tiêu Trên cơ sở nghiên cứu lý luận và thực tiễn về khó khăn giao tiếp của trẻ phổ tự kỷ (TPTK), đề xuất các biện pháp tác động nhằm góp phần nâng cao hiệu quả can thiệp khó khăn trong giao tiếp cho trẻ phổ tự kỷ.Phương pháp Sử dụng trắc nghiệm để đánh giá mức độ khó khăn trong giao tiếp của trẻ phổ tự kỷ, sử dụng điều tra bằng phiếu hỏi đối với giáo viên, cán bộ quản lý, cha mẹ TPTK nhằm tìm hiểu thực trạng các biện pháp can thiệp khó khăn trong giao tiếp cho TPTK trong lớp học hoà nhập ở địa bàn nghiên cứu làm cơ sở cho việc đánh giá thực trạng và tiến hành thử nghiệm sư phạm.Kết quả Đánh giá khó khăn trong giao tiếp của TPTK cho thấy, mức độ phát triển chung về giao tiếp của TPTK khá thấp, trẻ bộc lộ nhiều khó khăn đặc trưng dựa trên 25 tiêu chí ở 05 nhóm Tập trung chú ý, bắt chước, luân phiên, nghe hiểu ngôn ngữ và sử dụng ngôn ngữ nói.

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