Gánh nặng bệnh tật liên quan đến tử vong do phơi nhiễm dài hạn với bụi pm2,5 ở người trưởng thành tại hà nội năm 2019

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Tác giả: Vân Nguyệt Đô, Tự Hoàng Lê, Tiên Kiên Lưu, Xuân Trường Ngô, Hà Đan Quế Nguyên, Thị Kim Ngân Nguyên, Thị Nhật Thanh Nguyễn, Thị Phương Nhung Nguyễn, Thị Trang Nhung Nguyên, Thúy Hằng Nguyên, Thùy Linh Nguyên, Hoài Thu Vũ, Trí Đức Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 362.1 Physical illness

Thông tin xuất bản: Y tế công cộng, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 6-14

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 489540

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( )is estimated that about 7 million people around the world die from exposure to air pollution every year, and the majority of those deaths are due to exposure to outdoor air pollution. In Vietnam, air pollution is one of the top five environmental causes of disease burden and premature death. The study objective is to calculate the disease burden associated with longterm exposure to PM2 5 in Hanoi.( )Methods(:) The study used mortality data, population data combined with a map of the average PM2 5 in 2019 by district in Hanoi. Global Exposure Mortality Model - GEMM was used on BENMAP-CE software to estimate the study results.Results(:) In 2019, the average concentration of PM25 in the gild cells ranged from 22.9 pg m3 to 39.5 p gm 3. The premature mortality rate among people over 25 years of age due to exposure to PM. was 35.5 100,000 population and contributed about 12% of all deaths among adults (25+) in Hanoi. The life expectancy lost due to premature death related to PM exposure was 908 days, or about 2.84 years of age reduction. The ratio of years of life lost was 992.5 years per 100,000 population.( )Conclusion(:) This Study indicates that Hanoi authorities need to take urgent measures to improve air quality and protect public health. In addition, it is urgent to develop a strategy to conduct studies to assess the long-term impacts of ambient air pollution on health in Vietnam as a whole., ( )Hàng năm, thế giới có khoảng 7 triệu người chết do phơi nhiễm với ô nhiễm không khí, trong đó phần lớn là các ca tử vong do phơi nhiễm với ô nhiễm không khí ngoài trời. Tại Việt Nam, ô nhiễm không khí là một trong năm nguyên nhân môi trường hàng đầu gây ra gánh nặng bệnh tật và tử vong sớm. Nghiên cứu này tiến hành nhằm tính toán gánh nặng bệnh tật liên quan đến phơi nhiễm dài hạn với PM2,5( )tại Hà Nội.( )Phương pháp(:)( )Nghiên cứu sử dụng mô hình ước tính toàn cầu về tử vong (Global Exposure Mortality Model - GEMM) với số liệu đầu vào là số liệu tử vong, số liệu dân số năm 2019 và bản đồ trung bình năm bụi PM2,5( )theo từng quận của Thành phố Hà Nội. Mô hình thực hiện trên phần mềm BENMAP-CE để tính toán các kết quả.( )Kết quả(:)( )trong năm 2019 nồng độ bụi PM2,5( )trung bình năm 2019 tại các ô lưới nằm trong khoảng từ 22,9 µg/m³ đến 39,5 µg/m³. Tỷ suất tử vong sớm ở người trên 25 tuổi do phơi nhiễm với bụi PM2,5( )là 35,5/100.000 dân và đóng góp khoảng 12% tổng số ca tử vong ở người trưởng thành (từ 25 tuổi trở lên) tại Hà Nội. Kỳ vọng sống bị mất do tử vong sớm liên quan đến phơi nhiễm với bụi PM2,5( )là 908 ngày tức giảm khoảng 2,84 tuổi. Tỷ suất số năm sống bị mất là 992,5 năm trên 100.000 dân.( )( )Kết luận(:)( )Nghiên cứu này chỉ ra rằng Hà Nội cần tiến hành các biện pháp cấp thiết nhằm cải thiện chất lượng không khí và bảo vệ sức khỏe cộng đồng. Bên cạnh đó việc xây dựng chiến lược thực hiện các nghiên cứu đánh giá tác động dài hạn của ô nhiễm không khí xung quanh đến sức khỏe trên toàn bộ Việt Nam là cấp thiết.

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