Anatase Ti1-xCrxO2 nanowires with Cr3+ dopant contents ranging from x = 0 to 0.1 have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The nanowires were prepared from anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) powders, chromium nitrate (Cr(NO3)3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The effect of the Cr3+ concentration and heat-treating temperature on crystal structure, morphology and Raman spectra of the synthesized Ti1-xCrxO2 samples has been studied in detail by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the samples heat-treated at low temperature ( or or = 0.01, Raman spectra showed a new series of peaks at 120,236,250,292,362,430,467 and 550cm-1, which were assigned to the localized vibrational modes related to the complexes containing Cr3+ ions. The samples heat-treated at high temperature (1100°C) exhibited rutile phase. It was observed that the characteristic Raman modes (Eg and M) for rutile TiO2 were shifted and broadened with increasing Cr3+ dopant content. This phenomenon proves that the Cr3+ ions have replaced the Ti4+ ions in the rutile TiO2 host lattice. It was found that the lattice constants of both the rutile and anatase TiO2 were not changed when Cr3+ dopant contents were varied.