Nghiên cứu đánh giá hiện trạng quản lý chất thải rắn sinh hoạt tại huyện thanh liêm, hà nam và đề xuất công nghệ xử lý thu hồi năng lượng phù hợp với địa phương

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Tác giả: Thanh Tâm Lương, Bá Bút Nguyễn, Thu Huyền Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 624 Civil engineering

Thông tin xuất bản: Môi trường, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 93-98

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 489604

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Chủ đề

Để thực hiện việc xử lý chất thải rắn sinh hoạt (CTRSH), huyện Thanh Liêm (tỉnh Hà Nam) đang sử dụng các lò đốt nhằm tiết kiệm diện tích đất dành cho xử lý, tuy nhiên đây là một phương pháp xử lý tạo ra lượng lớn khí thải, chi phí vận hành cao. Do đó, nghiên cứu đã đánh giá hiện trạng và xây dựng các kịch bản quản lý CTRSH của khu vực một cách an toàn đồng thời có thể tận dụng năng lượng, tài nguyên trong chất thải. Bài báo đã tóm tắt hiện trạng xử lý CTRSH tại huyện Thanh Liêm, tổng quan các công nghệ chuyển đổi chất thải thành năng lượng và sự khả thi của chúng khi ứng dụng tại huyện cũng như phân tích các thách thức có thể gặp phải. Theo nghiên cứu, hiệu quả thu gom CTRSH tại huyện Thanh Liêm đạt tỷ lệ 93%, song vẫn còn tồn tại một số vấn đề đó là chi phí cần cho hoạt động thu gom xử lý chất thải rắn (CTR) vẫn lớn hơn khả năng chi trả của địa phương. Trong tương lai, khi tốc độ đô thị hóa tăng nhanh thì điều này sẽ tạo ra áp lực không nhỏ cho chính quyền trong đảm bảo việc phát triển bền vững. Vì vậy, thời gian tới, chính quyền huyện Thanh Liêm cần có các giải pháp thu hồi năng lượng, nguyên liệu để giảm chi phí thu gom xử lý CTR thông qua việc thu hồi tài nguyên từ chất thải. Các giải pháp công nghệ được đề xuất gồm(:) thu hồi điện năng từ rác, thu hồi khí sinh hoạt, tạo sản phẩm viên nhiên liệu có thể dùng cho các lò đốt công nghiệp.In order to achieve a proper solid waste management system, Thanh Liem district uses incinerators to save land area for treatment. However, this treatment method generates significant emissions and has high operating costs. Therefore, the study assessed the current status and developed scenarios for safe MSW management in the area while also using energy and resources in the waste. The research summarizes the current status of solid waste treatment in Thanh Liem, overviews waste-to-energy technologies and their feasibility when applied in the district, and analyzes the encountered challenges. According to research, the efficiency of solid waste collection in Thanh Liem district is 93%. However, there are still some problems(:) the cost required for solid waste collection and treatment is still higher than the local ability to pay. In the future, when the speed of urbanization increases rapidly, this will pressure the government to ensure sustainable development. Therefore, the Thanh Liem district government needs to have solutions to recover energy and raw materials to reduce the cost of solid waste collection and treatment by recovering resources from waste in the future. Proposed technological solutions include recovering electricity from garbage, recovering gas, and producing fuel pellets used for industrial incinerators.

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