The morphology and molecular study of the penguin brain are crucial to define its survival in the extreme conditions of Antarctica. The present study focusses on extracting different optical parameters of the penguin brain using label-free optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques. In label-free optical imaging, we have used quantitative phase imaging, which provides morphological information about the neurons in brain tissue, giving the quantitative phase value of 5 to 20 radians corresponding to the 8 µm tissue section. In label-free spectroscopic techniques, we have used autofluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Autofluorescence spectroscopy provides molecular information about nicotinamide dinucleotide, flavins, lipofuscins, and porphyrins in the brain's spectral range of 420 nm to 700 nm. Raman spectroscopy provides multiple peaks associated with different molecules in the brain
among them, few signals are observed at approximately 1305 cm