Nghiên cứu một số đặc điểm bệnh u nang bã đậu trong ruột cá chép do bào tử sợi gây ra tại Hải Dương

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Tác giả: Văn Vạn Kim, Thị Thắm Phạm

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 589.21 [Unassigned]

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học Kỹ thuật Thú y, 2018

Mô tả vật lý: 76-82

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 492249

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Hai Duong is one of the Northern provinces, Vietnam, having a largest area of freshwater aquaculture development. Of which, common carp is major cultural species. However, in the recent years epidemic occurred frequently in this culture fish species, causing heavy loss for the fish farmers. The typical disease is ulcer in the intestine caused by Myxobolus sp. This paper provided information about the biological characteristics of this disease through surveying 212 fish farm households with 257 fish ponds in four districts in Hai Duong province. The diseased fish samples were collected for determining the disease symptoms, characteristics, histological and gross lesions. The studied results showed that integrated fish culture system in Hai Duong province accounted for 99.61%. Of, which common carp species shared 15.63 - 32.10% of the fish stocking density. The rate of common carp culture pond suffering with giant cystic disease was 31.91%. The risk of disease infection in the un-disinfected ponds was higher 4.28 times in comparison with the disinfected ponds. The infected fish presented the typical signs, such as: slow growth, black color body, swollen abdomen and intestine contained liquid and white spores (up to 92 spores/fish) with size of 2.65 x 2.04 cm (Max. 5.3 x 3.7 cm). Myxobolus sp. was identified as Thelohanellus kitauei. This disease caused a big loss for the fish farms due to slow growth of fish, high FCR and mortality, reduction of marketable fish.Hải Dương là một tỉnh có diện tích nuôi trồng thủy sản nước ngọt phát triển nhất ở các tỉnh phía Bắc, Việt Nam, trong đó cá chép là đối tượng được nuôi ngày càng nhiều. Tuy nhiên, trong những năm gần đây, dịch bệnh liên tục xảy ra trên đối tượng cá nuôi này, gây nhiều thiệt hại cho người nuôi, điển hình là bệnh u nang bã đậu ở ruột do bào tử sợi gây ra. Bài báo này cung cấp thông tin về đặc điểm bệnh học trên cơ sở điều tra 212 hộ nuôi cá với 257 ao nuôi tại 4 huyện trong tỉnh. Mẫu cá bệnh được thu thập, mổ khám và phân tích để xác định đặc điểm, triệu chứng bệnh, bệnh tích đại thể và vi thể bào nang. Kết quả nghiên cứu, cho thấy, tại Hải Dương, nuôi cá ao nước ngọt với hình thức nuôi ghép là chính (chiếm 99,61%), trong đó tỷ lệ cá chép được thả nuôi ghép với những loài cá khác là 15,63% - 32,10%. Tỷ lệ ao nuôi cá chép bị bệnh u nang do bào tử sợi chiếm 31,91%. Các ao nuôi không khử trùng có nguy cơ bị bệnh gấp 4,28 lần so với ao nuôi có khử trùng. Cá bị bệnh thường có biểu hiện như chậm lớn, bơi lờ đờ, đen thân, bụng chướng to, ruột sưng, tích nước, trong ruột chứa nhiều bào nang (khoảng 92 bào nang/cá) u màu trắng bã đậu có kích thước 2,65 x 2,04 cm (tối đa 5,3 x 3,7 cm). Bào tử sợi được nhận dạng thuộc loài Thelohanellus kitauei. Bệnh u nang do bào tử sợi đã gây thiệt hại cho người nuôi do cá chậm lớn, tiêu tốn thức ăn, gây chết cá và giá cá thương phẩm thấp.

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