Reviewing the impacts of dam on migration of aquatic species and migration restoration solutions

0 Người đánh giá. Xếp hạng trung bình 0

Tác giả: NGHĨA HÙNG NGUYỄN, CẨM LƯƠNG VŨ, VĂN HIẾU VŨ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 627.8 Dams and reservoirs

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Kỹ thuật Thủy lợi và Môi trường, 2017

Mô tả vật lý:

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 492472

Thêm vào giỏ

Đối với một số loài thủy sinh vật, việc di cư giữa các môi trường sống khác nhau trong vòng đời của chúng là nhu cầu cần thiết nhằm mục đích tìm kiếm thức ăn, nơi ẩn trốn và sinh sản. Tuy nhiên, dưới áp lực của sự phát triển kinh tế - xã hội, nhiều đập thủy điện, thủy lợi đã được xây dựng tại nhiều lưu vực sông trên thế giới và ở Việt Nam. Điều này tác động không nhỏ tới các loài cá tôm di cư: cản trở các tuyến đường di cư
bị tổn thương khi đi qua tuabin hoặc đập tràn
làm chậm quá trình di cư
mất môi trường sống và bãi đẻ của các loài di cư
mất các tín hiệu di cư
làm thay đổi nhiệt và chất lượng nước
và gây sự chú ý tới nhiều loài động vật săn mồi. Để giảm thiểu các tác động trên, nhiều giải pháp khoa học công nghệ đã được đưa ra: (1) đối với sự di cư lên thượng lưu: nghiên cứu, thiết kế các mô hình đường di cư qua đập (ĐDCQĐ) cho cá như: mô hình ĐDCQĐ "hồ chìm", khe dọc thẳng đứng, Denils, đập nâng, kênh tự nhiên, khóa, ống ngầm và ĐDCQĐ cho cá chình
(2) đối với sự di cư xuống hạ lưu: xây dựng các rào cản vật lý và hành vi. Đối với Việt Nam, là quốc gia có mạng sông ngòi dày đặc và có tới hơn 10.000 hồ chứa lớn nhỏ được xây dựng từ Bắc vào Nam, song cho tới nay mới chỉ có 1 đường qua đập được xây dựng tại đập Phước Hòa (tỉnh Bình Dương). Điều này đòi hỏi, trong thời gian tới cần có một sự đột phá trong nghiên cứu cũng như xây dựng các mô hình ĐDCQĐ tại các hồ chứa nước ở Việt Nam.For some aquatic species, migration between different habitats in their lifecycle is a necessity for finding food, shelter, breeding or evading predators. However, under the pressure of socioeconomic development, many hydropower dams have been built in many river basins around the world and in Vietnam. This has a great impact on migratory fishes such as obstruction of migration routes, damage due to hydraulic turbines and spillways, loss of habitat, modification of dischage, water temperature and water quality changes, increased exposure to predation. To mitigate these impacts, a number of scientific and technological solutions have been proposed: (1) for upstream migration: upstream passage can be provided through several types of fish pass: pool and weir fishpasses, vertical-slot fish passages, Denil type fish pass (or baffle-type fish passes), nature-like bypass channels, fish lifts, fish locks and culverts
(2) for downstream migration: physical and behavioural barriers. For Vietnam, which has a great network of rivers and more than 10,000 large and small reservoirs built from the North to the South, yet so far only one fishpass has been built at Phuoc Hoa dam (Binh Duong province). This will need a breakthrough in research as well as the construction of fishways through reservoirs in Vietnam in the next time.

1. Đọc trực tuyến

1. Đọc trực tuyến

Tạo bộ sưu tập với mã QR