Redox-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications have long suffered from a shortage of suitable drugs and probes of high specificity. In the context of anti-ferroptosis research for neurological diseases, the inaccessibility of a blood-brain barrier permeable (BBB) small molecular ferroptosis inhibitor, and the lack of specific ferroptosis probes seriously impeded a deeper understanding of the mechanism of ferroptosis and the development of clinically applicable drugs. We here report a novel 1,3,4‑thiadiazole-functionalized drug-like ferrostatin analogue entitled Ferfluor-1 with superior anti-ferroptosis potency, favorable BBB permeability and in vivo activity against stroke and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, the exclusive pseudo excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) property of Ferfluor-1 via a long-distance hydrogen-bonding network facilitated it as the first sensitive ratiometric photoluminescent probe to detect phospholipid hydroperoxides and a specific indicator for the fluctuation of ferroptosis. These unprecedented advantages not only engendered Ferfluor-1 as a potential tool for ferroptosis-related diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the central nervous system, but also paved the way to developing new theragnostic agents for precision redox detection and regulation.