This study introduces a 2-D Photonic Crystal (PhC) biosensor designed, simulated, and evaluated for detecting glucose concentrations in urine by utilizing refractive index variations. The sensor demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving a sensitivity of 20,040.30 nm/RIU for glucose levels ranging from 0-15 mg/dl, a quality factor of 10,424.55, and a detection limit as low as 8 × 10