Proper chromatin remodeling is crucial for many cellular physiological processes, including the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB). While the mechanism of DSB repair is well understood, the connection between chromatin remodeling and DSB repair remains incompletely elucidated. In this review, we aim to highlight recent studies demonstrating the close relationship between chromatin remodeling and DSB repair. We summarize the impact of DSB repair on chromatin, including nucleosome arrangement, chromatin organization, and dynamics, and conversely, the role of chromatin architecture in regulating DSB repair. Additionally, we also summarize the contribution of chromatin remodeling complexes to cancer biology through DNA repair and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for cancer.