In seasonal anestrous goats, artificial insemination (AI) is typically preceded by hormonal treatment. This study examined whether high fertility can be achieved after AI with fresh diluted semen in progesterone (P4)-treated goats exposed to sexually active (SA) bucks. In Experiment 1, two groups of goats (n = 30 each) were joined with SA bucks (n = 2 per group) fitted with abdominal aprons. Prior to teasing, the P4-group received an intramuscular injection of 25 mg of progesterone diluted in 2 mL of olive oil, while the control group received olive oil alone. AI was performed 12 h after estrus onset within five days after buck introduction, using semen packed in 0.2 mL straws containing 80 × 10⁶ spermatozoa. The kidding rate was higher in the P4-treated group (24/30, 80 %) compared to the control group (8/30, 27 %
P <
0.001). In Experiment 2, two groups (n = 30 each) were exposed to SA bucks (n = 2 per group). The control group was inseminated 12 h after estrus onset detected between six- and nine-days post-introduction, while the P4-group was inseminated within five days. Kidding rates were similar between the P4-group (26/30, 86 %) and the control group (23/30, 77 %
P >
0.05). These results indicate that P4-treated goats achieve high fertility when inseminated during the first estrus induced by males, while control goats achieve high fertility when inseminated during the second estrus.