HỆ THỐNG CẤP, THOÁT NƯỚC CHO NUÔI TÔM THẺ CHÂN TRẮNG VÙNG VEN BIỂN=HỆ THỐNG CẤP, THOÁT NƯỚC CHO NUÔI TÔM THẺ CHÂN TRẮNG VÙNG VEN BIỂN

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Tác giả: Phạm Văn Đông, Hà Văn Thái

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Thủy lợi, 2018

Mô tả vật lý: tr.74

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 498169

Thêm vào giỏ

Tôm thẻ chân trắng hiện nay là đối tượng nuôi chủ lực của các tỉnh khu vực ven biển Bắc Trung bộ. Với năng suất đạt trung bình 10 – 20 tấn/ha/vụ, lợi nhuận thu được từ 600 triệu đến 1000 triệu/ha/vụ, nhiều vùng đất bạc màu, hoang hóa đã trở thành “đất vàng” cho nghề nuôi tôm. Thực tiễn cho thấy bên cạnh những thành công vẫn còn nhiều yếu tố bất cập: Quy hoạch, xây dựng cơ sở hạ tầng vùng nuôi không đồng bộ
các hộ nuôi nhỏ lẻ, tự phát và thiếu kinh nghiệm trong bố trí hệ thống cấp, thoát nước
các khu nuôi không bố trí các ao chứa xử lý nước cấp, nước thải… mà hệ lụy gây nên là môi trường đất, nước bị ô nhiễm, dịch bệnh lây lan nhiều dẫn đến rủi ro cao trong nuôi trồng và phá vỡ hệ sinh thái ven biển. Nội dung bài báo giới thiệu kết quả nghiên cứu đề xuất giải pháp bố trí hệ thống cấp, thoát nước cho cho khu nuôi vùng triều và khu nuôi trên cát với 4 trường hợp: (1) Mô hình có kênh cấp và kênh tiêu riêng biệt có ao lắng và ao xử lý bố trí tập trung
(2) Mô hình nuôi bố trí ao trữ lắng tập trung, ao xử lý phân tán
(3) Mô hình nuôi bố trí ao lắng và ao xử lý phân tán
(4) Ao trữ, lắng phân tán và ao xử lý tập trung. Nghiên cứu sẽ góp phần hạn chế ô nhiễm môi trường, dịch bệnh và hướng tới sản xuất nuôi trồng bên vững, có khả năng nhân rộng cho nhiều vùng khác.Whiteleg shrimp is now going to be the main target species of the coastal provinces in the North Central Coast region. With an average yield of 10-20 tons/ ha/ feeding season, the whiteleg shrimp can reach the profit from 600 million VNĐ to 1000 million VNĐ/ ha/ feeding season, that resulting in many of the degraded and uncultivated lands have become “the golden lands” for the shrimp farming. Practice shows that besides the successes, there are still many problems, risks and unsustainability that the main causes are: Planning and constructing infrastructure of non-synchronous farming areas
the households are small, spontaneous and inexperienced in the arrangement of water supply and drainage systems
and there are no ponds that placed for water supply treatment, wastewater treatment. The consequence is the soil environment, polluted water, epidemic spread. This lead to more high risks in farming area and break the coastal ecosystem The paper presents the results of the study to propose solution for arranging water supply and drainage system for the tidal area and sand culture area with 4 cases. (1) farming mode l with the water supply canals and drainage canals are separated and the sedimentation ponds and treatment ponds are concentratively arranged
(2) farming model with the storage and sedimentation ponds are concentratively arranged and the treatment ponds are dispersedly arranged
(3) farming model with the sedimentation ponds and the treatment ponds are dispersedly arranged
(4) farming model with the storage and sedimentation ponds are dispersedly arranged and the treatment ponds are dispersedly concentratively. This research will contribute to limiting of environmental pollution, disease and towards sustainable aquaculture production that can be replicated to other areas.

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