Nghiên cứu hiệu quả tiêu diệt vi khuẩn chỉ điểm trong chất thải của lợn bằng phương pháp ủ có bổ sung urea=Study on effectiveness of eradicating the indicator bacteria in pig manure by composting method adding urea

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Tác giả: Nhật Trần Thị, Sơn Đặng Thị Thanh

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học kỹ thuật Thú y, 2018

Mô tả vật lý: tr.56

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 498312

Thêm vào giỏ

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiện trạng quản lý chất thải của lợn tại Sóc Sơn, Hà Nội và hiệu quả tiêu diệt hai loại vi khuẩn chỉ điểm ưa nhiệt là E. coli và Enterococcus spp. bằng phương pháp ủ phân truyền thống có bổ sung urea. Đây là phương pháp xử lý chất thải đơn giản, dễ áp dụng, phù hợp với các hộ chăn nuôi nhỏ, lẻ. Theo kết quả điều tra tại 60 hộ chăn nuôi nhỏ lẻ cho thấy có 85% số hộ sử dụng hệ thống biogas để xử lý chất thải, 1,7% số hộ dùng chất thải chăn nuôi để nuôi cá trong ao, số còn lại dùng chất thải chăn nuôi để bón ruộng lúa và trồng trọt. Biogas là một trong những phương pháp xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi phổ biến, nhưng phần lớn các hộ thường có bể biogas dung tích nhỏ mà chất thải lại nhiều nên chất thải chưa được xử lý triệt để. Hai loài vi khuẩn chỉ điểm là E.coli và Enterococcus spp được theo dõi để đánh giá hiệu quả của phương pháp ủ truyền thống có bổ sung urea. Mức độ ô nhiễm vi khuẩn E. coli trong chất thải trước khi đưa vào ủ dao động trong khoảng từ 12.6x107 - 66.25x107 (CFU/g) trong mùa đông và từ 29,2 ×105 -15,7 × 10 6 (CFU/g) trong mùa hè. Vi khuẩn Enterococcus ô nhiễm ở mức 15, 4× 10 4 CFU/g. Phương pháp ủ truyền thống có bổ sung một lượng nhỏ urea (1-1,5%) có tác dụng tiêu diệt hoàn toàn vi khuẩn sau 15- 30 ngày ủ. Theo dõi nhiệt độ và độ pH đống ủ cho thấy do thể tích đống ủ nhỏ nên nhiệt độ đống ủ không tăng cao trong suốt quá trình ủ (30-360C). Tuy vậy độ pH có sự biến động mạnh (≥ 8). Đây có thể là yếu tố chính tiêu diệt vi khuẩn trong đống ủ.The study was conducted to assess the current situation of pig manure management in Soc Son, Ha Noi and the effectiveness of eradicating the thermophilic indicator bacteria (E. coli and Enterococcus spp) by composting method, adding urea. This is a suitable, easy, simple waste treatment method for the application of the small scale household farms. The result of surveying 60 pig household farms showed that 85% of the farms treated the animal wastes by biogas system, 1.7% of the farms used animal wastes for fish pond, and the rest used animal wastes for the rice fields and cultivation. Biogas is one of the most common treatment method but majority of the farms having the small biogas tanks, therefore it can not treat properly a large amount of the animal wastes. Two species of E. coli and Enterococcus sp. were monitored for the effectiveness of the traditional waste treatment method. Before treatment, the amount of E. coli in pig manure ranged from 12.6x107 - 66.25x107 (CFU/g) in winter and from 29.2 × 105 - 15.7 × 106 (CFU/g) in summer, while the amount of Enterococcus in pig manure ranged from 15, 4 × 10 4 CFU/g. The composting method adding small amounts of urea (1-1.5%) had completely eliminated the bacteria amount after 15-30 days of composting. The result of measuring temperature and pH of the compost heaps in whole composting duration indicated that the temperature did not increase (30-360C), but pH increased (≥ 8). This may be a factor for eradicating bacteria in the compost heaps.

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