NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CÁC YẾU TỐ HẢI DƯƠNG, MÔI TRƯỜNG BIỂN ĐẾN SỰ PHÂN BỐ VÀ BIẾN ĐỘNG NGUỒN LỢI HẢI SẢN Ở VÙNG BIỂN TÂY NAM BỘ = INFLUENCE OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND FLUCTUATION OF MARINE RESOURCES IN SOUTHWESTERN SEA OF VIETNAM

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Tác giả: Bát Nguyễn Khắc, Nguyễn Văn Hướng, Minh Nguyễn Hoàng, Nghĩa Nguyễn Viết

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Công nghệ và Thực phẩm (Tên mới: Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Công Thương), 2019

Mô tả vật lý: tr.89

Bộ sưu tập: NCBI

ID: 498575

Thêm vào giỏ

The Southwestern region of Vietnam has great potential for economic development with the highest annual value in fisheries exports of the country. The climatic conditions and environmental characteristics have affected waters directly to the distribution and fluctuations of biological resources. The research results show that the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of marine resource groups with marine environmental factors existed a rather close relationship (correlation coefficient (R0) between 0.4 and 0.7). In the northeast monsoon, the relationship was weaker than the southwest monsoon. Fish concentration was inversely correlated with temperature and salinity and is positively correlated with chlorophyll a and sea currents. CPUE was usually high from July to December when the temperature ranged from 27.5 °C to 29.5 °C, the salinity was low and the research area was heavily influenced by water from the continent. Different aquatic species have different habitat suitability indices according to marine environmental factors (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, water mass disturbance, etc.) and are also different between the northeast monsoon and the southwest monsoon in the region. Keywords: Marine environment, marine resources, habitat suitability index, marine environmental factor, Southwestern region. Vùng biển Tây Nam Bộ là vùng có tiềm năng kinh tế to lớn với số lượng xuất khẩu thuỷ sản hàng năm vào mức cao nhất của nước ta. Các điều kiện khí hậu thời tiết và môi trường đặc trưng của khu vực nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến sự phân bố và biến động của nguồn lợi sinh vật tại đây. Các kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, năng suất khai thác các nhóm nguồn lợi hải sản với các yếu tố hải dương, môi trường biển ở khu vực nghiên cứu tồn tại mối quan hệ tương đối chặt chẽ (hệ số tương quan bội R0 trong khoảng 0,4-0,7). Trong mùa gió đông bắc, mối quan hệ này thể hiện yếu hơn so với mùa gió Tây Nam, chúng có mối tương quan nghịch với nhiệt độ và độ muối, có mối tương quan thuận với chlorophyll a và dòng chảy. Các tháng từ tháng 7 đến tháng 12, năng suất khai thác nguồn lợi hải sản thường cao, khi đó nhiệt độ nước ở vùng biển nghiên cứu giảm xuống nhưng không quá thấp, dao động trong khoảng 27,5-29,5 °C, đây đang là thời kỳ mùa mưa nên các vùng nước ven bờ chịu ảnh hưởng hơn của nguồn nước từ lục địa đưa ra làm độ muối giảm thấp và phát tán nhiều dinh dưỡng từ khu vực cửa sông và các vùng bờ ra các khu vực khác. Do vậy, đây là vùng thích hợp cho đa phần các loài cá tập trung đến để sinh trưởng phát triển và đẻ trứng. Đối với từng nhóm loài và từng loài khác nhau trong nhóm loài đều có khoảng thích ứng sinh thái với các yếu tố hải dương, môi trường (nhiệt độ, độ muối, chlorophyll a và mức độ xáo trộn khối nước...) rất khác nhau và cũng khác nhau giữa các mùa trong năm ở vùng biển này. Từ khóa: Môi trường biển, nguồn lợi hải sản, chỉ số thích ứng sinh thái, yếu tố hải dương, vùng biển Tây Nam Bộ.

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