Tổng quan về những tiến bộ và triển vọng trong chọn tạo giống lúa chống chịu điều kiện bất lợi nhờ công nghệ CRISPR/Cas9

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Tác giả: Thị Thu Hương Bùi, Đức Hà Chu, Huy Giới Đồng, Thị Quyến Hà, Thị Ngọc Quỳnh Lê, Quốc Trung Nguyễn, Thanh Hải Nguyễn, Thị Hồng Nguyễn, Thị Thảo Ninh, Phương Thu Phạm, Thị Thu Hương Phùng

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 631.52 Production of propagational organisms and new varieties

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 123-132

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 498623

Thêm vào giỏ

Lúa gạo (Oryza sativa L.) là một trong những cây lương thực quan trọng được canh tác phổ biến trên toàn thế giới. Vai trò to lớn của lúa gạo đối với an ninh lương thực toàn cầu đã thúc đẩy các nhà nghiên cứu phát triển các giống lúa mới với các đặc tính nông học được cải thiện, như khả năng chống chịu stress sinh học và phi sinh học. Hệ thống chỉnh sửa gen CRISPR/Cas9 mang đến một chiến lược đầy hứa hẹn để cải thiện đặc tính nông học của nhiều loại cây trồng nhờ tính hiệu quả, dễ sử dụng và độ chính xác cao. Bài viết này thảo luận về các ứng dụng của CRISPR/Cas9 trong cải tạo các giống lúa thích nghi tốt hơn với điều kiện môi trường bất lợi. Hàng loạt các gen chức năng và gen điều hòa liên quan đến tính kháng bệnh (bạc lá và đạo ôn), kháng thuốc trừ cỏ và chống chịu điều kiện bất thuận (mặn, hạn hán, lạnh) ở lúa đã được phân tích chức năng thông qua hệ thống CRISPR/Cas9. Một số hạn chế và ưu điểm khi áp dụng kỹ thuật này trên cây lúa cũng được phân tích. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này đã cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng thể về công cụ chỉnh sửa gen, từ đó định hướng ứng dụng trong nghiên cứu các giống cây trồng ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu ở Việt Nam.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple crops that is widely cultivated in the world. Due to the critical role of rice in the global food security, great efforts have been made in order to develop new rice varieties with good agronomic traits, such as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a promising system for the improvement of various traits of crop plants because of its efficiency, simplicity, and versatility. In this mini review, we discussed the applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to improve a wide range of traits in rice varieties adapted to unfavorable conditions. Specifically, a number of functional and regulatory genes that are associated with diseases (rice blast, bacterial blight) and pesticide resistance and abiotic stress (salinity, drought, and cold) tolerance have been functionally characterized via the mutants produced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Additionally, the advances and limitations of using CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice plants were discussed. Taken together, our paper could provide a solid foundation for further application of genome editing tools in plant breeding for tackling climate change.

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