Photoreceptor cell death is a common feature of many retinal degenerative diseases, leading to incurable vision loss. While there is evidence to support the involvement of cell death pathways such as apoptosis and necroptosis in the degeneration of photoreceptors, the inhibition of these pathways has not been sufficient to rescue photoreceptors and preserve vision in a number of models of disease. Therefore, there is a need to identify other pathways involved in photoreceptor cell death. SARM1 is a TLR adaptor protein with a novel role in the induction of axonal degeneration and neuronal cell death. Our lab and others have demonstrated a role for SARM1 in the induction of photoreceptor cell death in models of retinal degenerative disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on SARM1 function and its role in photoreceptor cell death.