Xác định các genotype Human papillomavirus bằng kỹ thuật Real-time PCR trên các bệnh nhân khám sàng lọc tại Viện Pasteur thành phố Hồ Chí Minh 2021-2022

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Tác giả: Hữu Nghĩa Cao, Thị Thu Cúc Cao, văn Thắng Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 362.1962414 Physical illness

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Y học Việt Nam (Tổng hội Y học Việt Nam), 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 377-382

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 500495

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To identify HPV genotypes and their related factors by applying Real-time PCR technique on patients who get screened for cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers at Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City from October 2021 to June 2022. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. The study applied Realtime - PCR molecular biology technique to detect different HPV genotypes, including: 2 low-risk types and 14 high-risk types on 161 samples of patients over 18 years, obtained from cervical smears (females) or urethral smears and/or external genital lesions (males). Results: The rate of HPV infection was 38.5% (n=161), 29.4% (male) and 48.7% (female)
the highest in the age ≥40 years (60.9%), compared with distribution group according to 3 age groups and 2 age groups, respectively: p=0.023 and p=0.017. Analysis by transmission route showed that the heterosexual group was 39.4% (n=137) and same-sex group is 33.3% (n=24). The group of heterosexual women: 48.7% (n=76), while heterosexual men: 27.9% (n=61), the difference was statistically significant with p<
0.05. The percentage of men who had sex with men is 33.3% (n=24), which is higher than that in men who were bisexual, 27.9% (n=61), the difference was not statistically significant (p=0,619). The prevalence of high-risk group (HRG) HPV was 50%, low-risk group (LRG) was 61.3%. Single and co- infection: 75.8% and 24.2% (p=0,039). The rate of single infection with genotypes was: HPV 11 (50%), HPV 6 (14.5%), HPV 18 (12.9%), HPV 16 (11.3%), HPV 52 (9.7%), HPV 59 (6.5%), HPV 39 and 58: 4.8%, HPV 31, 33, 45, 51, 66 all accounted for 3.2%. Co-infection in the LRG (6/11) was 2 cases
between HPV 11 and HRG were 5 cases: (HPV 11/18
11/31
11/52
11/39/68
11/39/52/59)
HPV 6 and HRG: HPV 6/33
6/58/66
between HRG: 3 cases (HPV 33/52 and 2 cases of HPV 18/45). Conclusion: The overall HPV infection rate was 38.5%, with a single infection rate of 75.8%, and co-infection: 24.2 (%), in which the HPV LRG accounted for the majority of cases. HPV 11 is the genotype found most in the LRG (50%). The rate of most common genotypes in the HRG was HPV 18 (12.9%), followed by HPV 16 (11.3%) and HPV 52, 59 are 9.7% and 6.5%, respectively. The molecular biology techniques, especially Real-time PCR meets the requirements of early, fast and accurate diagnosis which comes with routine screening tests for cervical cytology to help control and improve patients' lives, contributing to reduce the rate of cervical cancer.Xác định các genotype HPV và các yếu tố liên quan bằng kỹ thuật Real-time PCR trên các bệnh nhân đến khám sàng lọc UTCTC và các ung thư khác liên quan đến HPV tại Viện Pasteur TP. Hồ Chí Minh từ tháng 10/2021 đến tháng 06/2022. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang. Nghiên cứu áp dụng kỹ thuật sinh học phân tử Realtime - PCR phát hiện các genotype HPV khác nhau, bao gồm: 2 type nguy cơ thấp và 14 type nguy cơ cao trên 161 mẫu bệnh nhân trên 18 tuổi, lấy từ dịch phết cổ tử cung (nữ) hoặc dịch phết niệu đạo và/hoặc tổn thương sinh dục ngoài (nam). Kết quả: Tỷ lệ nhiễm HPV là 38,5% (n=161), được phân bố 29,4% (nam) và 48,7% (nữ), nhiều nhất ở lứa tuổi ≥40 tuổi (60,9%) so với nhóm phân bố theo 3 nhóm tuổi và 2 nhóm tuổi lần lượt là: p=0,023 và p=0,017. Phân tích theo đường lây truyền thì nhóm quan hệ tình dục (QHTD) khác giới là 39,4% (n=137), QHTD đồng giới là 33,3% (n=24). Nhóm nữ QHTD khác giới là 48,7% so với nam QHTD khác giới 27,9%, sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê với p <
0.05. Nhiễm HPV trong nhóm nam QHTD đồng giới là 33,3% so với nam QHTD khác giới 27,9%, đây là khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê (p=0,619). Tỷ lệ nhiễm nhóm HPV nguy cơ cao (NCC) là 50%, nhóm nguy cơ thấp (NCT) là 61,3%. Tình trạng đơn và đồng nhiễm: 75,8% và 24,2% (p=0,039). Tỷ lệ đơn nhiễm các genotype lần lượt là: HPV 11 (50%), HPV 6 (14,5%), HPV 18 (12,9%), HPV 16 (11,3%), HPV 52 (9,7%), HPV 59 (6,5%), HPV 39 và 58: 4,8%, HPV 31, 33, 45, 51, 66 đều chiếm 3,2%. Đồng nhiễm các genotype HPV khác nhau gặp ở cả nhóm HPV NCT và HPV NCC. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ nhiễm HPV chung là 38,5%, với tỷ lệ đơn nhiễm 75,8% và đồng nhiễm 24,2%, trong đó nhóm HPV NCT chiếm đa số so với nhóm HPV NCC lần lượt là 61,3% so với 50 %. HPV 11 là genotype tìm thấy nhiều nhất ở nhóm NCT (50%). Genotype phổ biến nhất ở nhóm NCC là HPV 18 (12,9%), kế tiếp là HPV 16 (11,3%) và HPV 52, 59 lần lượt là: 9,7% và 6,5%. Các kỹ thuật sinh học phân tử, mà đặc biệt là Real-time PCR đáp ứng được yêu cầu chẩn đoán sớm, nhanh và chính xác bên cạnh xét nghiệm thường quy tầm soát tế bào học cổ tử cung giúp kiểm soát và góp phần làm giảm tỷ lệ UTCTC nói riêng và nhiễm HPV nói chung.

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