Phản ứng sinh trưởng, năng suất hạt ba dòng đậu nành 1500,1600-1,1600-2 và độ mặn đất khi tưới nước mặn nhân tạo

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Tác giả: Quốc Thiện Đặng, Hồng Hậu Mai, Mỹ Quyên Ngô, Thụy Diễm Trang Ngô, Châu Thanh Tùng Nguyễn, Phước Đằng Nguyễn, Thiên Minh Nguyễn, Linh Chi Phạm, Ngọc Rim Phạm, Đức Thành Võ, Thị Cẩm Hường Võ, Thị Xuân Nhường Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 635.655 *Soybeans

Thông tin xuất bản: Nông nghiệp & Phát triển nông thôn, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 45645

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 500569

Thêm vào giỏ

Mô hình luân canh đậu tương (hay đậu nành) trên đất lúa giúp cải tạo đất, giảm chi phí phân bón và gia tăng lợi nhuận đang bị giới hạn ở các vùng bị xâm nhiễm mặn tại đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Chọn giống đậu nành có khả năng chịu mặn là yếu tố quyết định giúp nhân rộng mô hình luân canh lúa - đậu nành. Thí nghiệm được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá khả năng sinh trưởng và tiềm năng năng suất của ba dòng đậu nành chịu mặn BC3F4 gồm 1500, 1600-1 và 1600-2, mang gen trội Ncl giúp hạn chế vận chuyển cation Na+ từ rễ lên chồi, trồng trong chậu đất. Thí nghiệm được bố trí theo kiểu thừa số hai nhân tố hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên với ba lần lặp lại trong điều kiện nhà lưới. Trong đó, nhân tố thứ nhất là các dòng/giống 1500, 1600-1, 1600-2, MTĐ 176, MTĐ 878-2 và NILs72-T và nhân tố thứ hai là nước sông nhiễm mặn nhân tạo ở nồng độ 0 và 120 mM. Thí nghiệm sử dụng muối NaCl pha với nước sông để đạt nồng độ mặn 120 mM (quy đổi tương đương độ mặn 6,19‰ và EC = 9,68 mS/cm). Kết quả ghi nhận mặn đã làm giảm chiều cao cây, tổng số quả trên cây, khối lượng 100 hạt và năng suất hạt của ba dòng đậu nành 1500, 1600-1 và 1600-2. Riêng dòng 1600-1 không có biểu hiện cháy lá và không biểu hiện suy giảm chỉ tiêu thành phần năng suất như tổng số quả/cây (13,33 và 11,00 quả), số hạt/quả (1,86 và 1,93 hạt) và khối lượng 100 hạt (13,57 và 11,87 g) trong điều kiện ngộ độc mặn so với nghiệm thức đối chứng. Đặc biệt, năng suất hạt của dòng 1600-1 ở nghiệm thức 120 mM NaCl chỉ giảm 25,54% so với nghiệm thức đối chứng. Dòng đậu nành 1600-1 biểu hiện là dòng chịu mặn triển vọng cần tiếp tục thử nghiệm ở các mùa vụ và vùng nhiễm mặn tự nhiên nhằm đánh giá tính ổn định trước khi đưa vào thực tiễn.The model of crop rotation by growing soybean in rotation with rice to improves soil fertility, to reduce fertilizer costs and to increase profits is limited in saline areas in the Mekong delta. Selection of salt-tolerant soybean varieties is a key factor to help enlarge the rice-soybean rotation model. The experiment aimed to evaluate the growth ability and yield potential of three salt-tolerant soybean lines BC3F4 namely 1500, 1600-1 and 1600-2, carrying the single dominant gene Ncl to limit Na+ cation transport from roots to shoots, planted in soil-filled pots. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized two-factor factorial design with three replications in net house condition. In which, the first factor were soybean lines namely 1500, 1600-1, 1600-2, MTĐ 176, MTĐ 878-2 and NILs72-T and the second factor was artificial saline irrigation water at the concentration of 0 and 120 mM NaCl. The experiment used NaCl salt mixed with river water to achieve salinity concentration of 120 mM (equivalent to salinity of 6.19‰ and EC = 9.68 mS/cm). The results showed that salinity significantly reduced plant height, total number of pods/plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield of three lines. In contrast, the line 1600-1 did not show any sign of leaf scorch and a decrease in yield components such as total number of pods/plant (13.33 and 11.00 pods), number of seeds/pod (1.86 and 1.93 seeds) and 100-seed weight (13.57 and 11.87 g) under salt stress condition compared with the control treatment. Interestingly, the seed yield of line 1600-1 in the treatment of 120 mM NaCl only decreased by 25.54% compared with the control treatment. The salt-tolerant soybean line 1600-1 is a promising salt-tolerant line that needs to be further tested in natural saline conditions and various cropping seasons to assess its yield stability before entering production stage.

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