Nghiên cứu cộng đồng về một số yếu tố dịch tễ và hiểu biết của cha/mẹ khi sử dụng kháng sinh cho trẻ tại Thái Nguyên và Hà Giang năm 2020-2021

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Tác giả: Thị Việt Hương Đặng, Đức Hậu Hoàng, Việt Hùng Phạm, Danh Tiến Thịnh Trần, Viết Cường Võ, Thị Loan Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 610.83 Medicine and health

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Nhiệt đới, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: 109-117

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 502297

Thêm vào giỏ

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện trong năm 2020-2021 nhằm điều tra một số yếu tố dịch tễ học và kiến thức của cha mẹ về việc sử dụng kháng sinh ở trẻ em tại Thái Nguyên và Hà Giang. Phương pháp: 459 đối tượng đủ điều kiện được điều tra về thông tin dịch tễ học và kiến thức về sử dụng kháng sinh. 275 trường hợp nuôi cấy vi khuẩn đã được thực hiện thành công từ mẫu phết mũi họng của người tham gia. Kết quả: Một số yếu tố dịch tễ học như cha mẹ hút thuốc, tỷ lệ hút thuốc lào cao (21,6%), và có tới 30,7% họ hàng sống cùng nhà (trong đó Hà Giang là 31,4% và Thái Nguyên là 30,0%). Ở trẻ em, tiền sử viêm amiđan chiếm tỷ lệ 37,3%, trong đó viêm tai giữa chiếm tỷ lệ 11,5%. Tỷ lệ mắc cúm trung bình là 1,7 lần/năm ở Hà Giang và 1,9 lần/năm ở Thái Nguyên. Tỷ lệ trẻ em sử dụng kháng sinh trong năm qua là 47,3% ở Thái Nguyên và 34,7% ở Hà Giang. Các loại kháng sinh thường được sử dụng là amoxicillin và ceshalexin và hầu hết các bậc cha mẹ đều không nhớ hoặc không biết tên các loại kháng sinh mà con mình đang dùng. Có 42,0% phụ huynh biết về việc sử dụng kháng sinh cho rằng tác dụng của kháng sinh có thể điều trị được vi khuẩn. Tỷ lệ này ở Hà Giang là 46,9% và ở Thái Nguyên là 36,8%, cả hai đều có ý nghĩa thống kê với p<
0,05. Trong số 275 mẫu cấy vi khuẩn từ tăm bông mũi họng, 78 (28,4%) được phát hiện là S. pneumoniae, phù hợp với các tài liệu trước đây. Kiến nghị: Thực hiện các chương trình truyền thông, giáo dục để hiểu rõ hơn về việc sử dụng kháng sinh và giảm thiểu các yếu tố nguy cơ nhiễm trùng đường hô hấp. Điều tra sâu hơn, có thể cần can thiệp để giảm nguy cơ ở người mang S. pneumoniae.This study was conducted in 2020-2021 to investigate several epidemiological factors and parents' knowledge of antibiotic use in children in Thai Nguyen and Ha Giang. Methods: 459 eligible subjects were investigated for epidemiological information and knowledge of antibiotic use. 275 bacterial culture were successfully done from nasopharyl swabs of participants. Results: Some epidemiological factors such as parents' smoking, a high percentage of pipe tobacco smoking (21.6%), and up to 30.7% of relatives living in the same house (including Ha Giang at 31.4% and Thai Nguyen at 30.0%). In children, medical history of tonsillitis accounted for 37.3%, with otitis media accounting for 11.5%. The average influenza incidence was 1.7 times per year in Ha Giang and 1.9 times per year in Thai Nguyen. The proportion of children with antibiotic consumption over the past year was 47.3% in Thai Nguyen and 34.7% in Ha Giang. Commonly used antibiotics were amoxicillin and cephalexin, and most parents did not remember or knew the names of the antibiotics their children were taking. There were 42.0% of parents who knew about the use of antibiotics that the effects of antibiotics could treat bacteria. This rate was 46.9% in Ha Giang and 36.8% in Thai Nguyen, both statistical significance with p<
0.05. Of those 275 bacterial culture from nasopharyl swab, 78 (28.4%) was detected S. pneumoniae, which concordance with previous literature review. Recommendations: Conduct communication and education programs to better understand the use of antibiotics and reduce risk factors for respiratory infections. Further investigation, intervention may needed to reduce risk in S. pneumoniae carriers.

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