Nghiên cứu hát ru: vấn đề tiếp cận và phương pháp luận Ethnomusicology

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Tác giả: Trung Sơn Kiều

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 398.354 Life cycle

Thông tin xuất bản: Văn hóa học (Viện Văn hóa nghệ thuật Quốc gia Việt Nam), 2023

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Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 502318

Thêm vào giỏ

Đã có nhiều nghiên cứu về hát ru được công bố. Các nghiên cứu nhìn nhận hát ru từ nhiều góc độ: chức năng, sinh hoạt gia đình, xã hội học, giới, ngôn từ/văn học, nghệ thuật, âm nhạc, nhưng hầu hết không thực sự rõ ràng, thiếu một phương pháp luận nhất quán. Điều đó cho thấy nhận thức về vấn đề tiếp cận hát ru phần nhiều chỉ là các góc độ nhìn nhận riêng rẽ mà chưa thấy ý nghĩa phương pháp luận. Điều này dẫn đến sự mơ hồ trong khái niệm hát ru mà các nghiên cứu cố gắng xây dựng. Hát ru là một hiện tượng văn hóa được thực hành bằng âm nhạc. Tức là âm nhạc chỉ là một phần của mối liên hệ văn hóa đó. Nếu tách hát ru khỏi bối cảnh thực hành, chỉ nghiên cứu bản thân hình thức âm nhạc của nó, sẽ không có gì để bàn ngoài những yếu tố rất chung giống hệt nhiều thể loại dân ca khác như cấu trúc làn điệu/giai điệu, thang âm, điệu thức, bố cục bài bản, mối liên hệ giữa nhạc và lời thơ ... Thậm chí, do việc bàn về nội dung lời thơ trong hát ru dễ dàng hơn nhiều so với nghiên cứu âm nhạc, người nghiên cứu dễ bị sa đà vào phân tích ý tứ trong lời thơ mà gán cho hát ru nhiều ý nghĩa, nhiều giá trị to tát mà quên mất rằng những giá trị đó chung với ca dao, dân ca. Nghiên cứu hát ru cần đặt nó trong bối cảnh văn hóa
nghĩa là tiếp cận hát ru như một thực hành văn hóa và trong văn hóa. Đây chính là nghiên cứu hát ru, tiếp cận theo quan điểm Ethnomusicology (dân tộc nhạc học).There have been many research publications on lullabies which are examined from many perspectives such as function, family life, sociology, gender, language/literature, art, music. Most research lack a coherent methodology which caused ambiguity. It revealed that lullaby was mostly seen from separate perspectives without recognition of significance of methodology, which resulted in ambiguity of the concept of lullaby developed in studies. Lullaby is a cultural phenomenon practiced through music. That means, music is only part of that cultural connection. If lullaby was studied not in the context of practice and in terms of its musical form, there would be nothing to discuss except common elements similar with many different genres of folk songs such as rhythmic structure/ melodies, scales, rhythms, formal composition, the relationship between music and lyrics... Moreover, it is easier to discuss the content of the lyrics of the lullabies than to study music. Therefore, it is likely for researchers to fall into the trap of analyzing the meaning of the lyrics and attached lullabies many meanings and values, without recognition the shared values of folk poems and folk songs. Lullaby should be studied in a cultural context
that means lullaby should be examined as a cultural practice and within culture. The research on lullaby should be from the ethnomusicology perspective.

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