Before 2003, the study for taxonomy and distribution of Vietnamese moles had been still limited. According to Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), there were two species including Parascaptor leucura and Parascaptor klossi, but there were some confusion about classification of mole species by the previously published authors. Since 2003, the reseachers from Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources in collaboration with colleagues from America, Japan, Russia have conducted a number of field surveys in Vietnam to determine the composition and distribution of Vietnamese moles. Five mole species in 3 genera have been confirmed to occur in Vietnam. These include Long- tailed Mole (Scaptonyx fusicaudus), Small-toothed Mole (Eurocaptor parvidens), Long-nosed Mole (Euroscaptor longirostris), Mainland Mole (Mpgera latouchei) and Subanura Mole (Euroscaptor subanura). Altitudinal distribution of Vietnamese moles depends on the species. the specimens were collected at 250-2,800m elevation. Eurocaptor parvidens was recorded at 400-1 ,800m elevation in south and central regions and the central highland. Euroscaptor longirostriswas recorded at 950-2000m elevation on northern region. Euroscaptor subanurawas recorded at 250-450m elevation in the northeastern region and north central region. Mogera latouchei was recorded at 600-800m elevation in northern region and SCqptonyx fusicaudus was only recorded at an altitude of 1,300m in the northern region. More intensive efforts to study distribution of Vietnamese moles are expected to uncover a rich diversity of Soricomorpha species and determine the altitudinal distribution and geographical distribution of mole species, and they will contribute significantly for mole conservation in the future.