From previous studies and the survey, 132 macrobenthic species belong to 5 phyla, 12 classes, 34 orders, 60 families, 100 genera have been recorded in coastal waters of Bach Long Vy Island. The typical species in here are Haliotis diversicolor, Tectus pyramis, Atrina spp., Pleria martensii, Asaphis violascens, Nerita spp., Cerithium trailIii, Atergatis spp. The authors identified 22 economic species such as Blue Mussel, Pearl Oyster. In the study area, the authors also found 11 species in Vietnam Red Book Data (2007) and one species in the IUCN Red List (2012). Resource of more valuable species showed a sharp decline due to overexploitation and harvesting by destructive methods. In the future, along with the development of the island, these species will also face many more threats. In addition to the establishment of marine protected area, it should be strengthen by propaganda and education to raise awareness of the habitants on sustainable exploitation and protection the biological resources of island.