Vietnam has a high freshwater mussels diversity in the Indo-Burma region as well as in the world. However, in spite of this, there has been relatively little research on this group. The status of species is unclear or unknown. According to the IUCN Red List (2012) forty-seven freshwater mussel species from Vietnam were assessed and most of these taxa fall into the IUCN Categories of least concern (21 species, or 46 percent of the total species number), conservation concern (15 species, 32 percent), and data deficient (9 species, 19 percent). There is a need for better data to allow a more comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of all species. If all of data deficient taxa will be assessed as threatened, the freshwater mussel fauna of Vietnam would become one of the most threatened freshwater mollusc group in the world with ca. 50 percent of the total species number being threatened.