The investigation results on macrobenthos in Xuan Thuy National Park (XTNP) were identified 350 species belong to 206 genera, 106 families, 38 orders, 11 classes of 6 phyla, viz. Annelida, Arthropoda, Brachiopoda, Cnidaria, Mollusca and Sipuncula. The macrobenthos distribution and characteristics were strongly associated with environmental factors such as the terrain, landscape, substrate elevation, sediment composition and salinity. In the economic importance, there are 91 species used as food resource, among them some valuable mollusk has been exploited for export. However, there are several macrobenthos are facing with serious declining due to the unreasonable explosions. The study were illustrated the ecological important of mangroves forest at entire XTNP ecosystem and based on maintained mangroves forest, some alternative livelihoods can be recommended as necessary measures for sustainable development in agriculture, fishery and forestry that would be applied for local stakeholder communities.