In two years 2007, 2008 the staff of the Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (IMER) conducted a comprehensive survey of biodiversity and environment in marine areas around 9 islands in the Truong Sa Archipelago and constructed the scientific basis for proposing the government recogniied two marine protected areas in this region. Results of the study identified the Truong Sa Archipelago was a region of extremely high biodiversity, containing many rare species and genetic diversity. This region was the center for distributing the genetic resources for the East Sea. So far the authors have determined 2,397 species of animals and plants lived in the waters around the islands. The Truong Sa Archipelago had a particular coral eco-system and it was a typical structure in the world. Specially, Atoll reef was typical and large, reaching an area of thousands of hectares, fringing reef also reached over 200 hectares. Two areas: Thuyen Chai and Nam Yet islands that were very high biodiversity degree, needed to quickly plan for marine protected areas to create better protection measures.