Based on .the results of survey were carried out in 2007-2008 at the Thuyen Chai - Nam Yet islands to show out that these islands contain high species diversity with 166 species, 83 genera in 33 families at Nam Yet and 153 species, 73 genera in 32 families belonging to Thuyen Chai island. The ichthyfauna is characterized by the typical tropical features: high occupied ratio in term of species diversity found in the coral dwelling families. Incomparison of the Sorensen index pointed out the higher similarity of the fauna to compare with the reef fish communities in the South central reef sites but lower similarity to compare with that of the western coastal reef sites in the Tonkin Gulf In general, the potential resources of reef fishes are relatively high abundance due to low intensive fishing activities relating to long distance from inland and can be divided into two groups (live fish food trade, ornamental fish). However , there are some evidences of locally destructive fishing practices at several reef sites in Nam Yet island. Thus, it is an emerging requirement to have a strategic management plan for a longterm conservation of the natural resources. The proposition for establishment of the marine protected areas system at the Truong Sa archipelago should be the priority task of sustainable management for the natural heritage in the central of the East Sea.