Coral plays a criterial role in Vietnam marine ecosystems, they are also an extremely valuable resources for pharmaceutical industry. However, so far the studies on the chemical composition of corals and its taxonomical significance still a new thing to Vietnamese scientists, therefore led to the urgency of research works in this sccientific research field, contributing to the resources exploitation and conservation of coral reefs in the country. This paper presents the research results on the composition and content of lipid and fatty acid of nearly 80 coral species, including 31 hard corals and 46 soft corals in Vietnam coastal, as well as the significance of fatty acids in coral species classification.