Rapid assessment of land-based pollution sources in marine and coastal areas shows that every year, land-based sources discharge at least 2.90 million tons of COD
1.83 million tons of BOD
1.11 million N-T
287.2 thousand tons P-T
265.2 million tones of TSS, 1.6 thousand tons of oil and gases
15.9 thousand tons of pesticides and about 46.5 thousand tons of heavy metals. The coastal hot spots include Hai Phong - Quang Ninh, Da Nang - Quang Nam, Ba Ria - Vung Tau - Ho Chi Minh City and two large deltas of the Red River and Mekong River. The impact of land-based pollution sources to marine and. coastal areas of Vietnam are becoming more serious, while the policies and related management actions are not much interested. Therefore, solutions and priority actions must be implemented urgently.