Marine fundamental research and investigation are very essential and urgent now for sustainable marine economic development and national security and defence. During the past decades, population boom and rapid development rate of several industries, especial marine economy, have caused very high pressure on the marine environment and typical ecosystems. Not only Vietnam, but the whole world are facing the depletion and exhaustion of marine resources. So marine environment protection and resoure restoration for a sustainable marine ecomomic development are now of the world great concern. The climate change in the oceans and seas has caused significant impacts on marine natural conditions, environment and ecosystems. Disasters are becoming more and more difficult to foreseen and are really a matter of concern for human development. Because of climate change, ocean typical features and fundamental laws are certainly subject to temporal and spacial changes. This is why priority should be attached to marine fundamental research and investigation in Vietnam, the region and the whole world to update and quantify the understanding, to relearn about oceans and seas. To do this, international cooperation on marine fundamental research and investigation are very necessary and indispensable. It will help us to develop the country potential, take advantages of every resources to save money, with the goals of building scientific bases for national socioeconomic development.