Light is one of the most important factors in the regulation of plant growth and development. Green plants, which convert light into chemical energy via the process of photosynthesis, use light as a source of information for photoperiodism (night/day length), phototropism (light direction), and photomorphogenesis (iight quantity and quality). These responses depend on the photon flux density (PFD), light quality, duration and photoperiod. Therefore, plant growth could be controlled by artificial light in the greenhouse and in vitro. Tissue culture and growth rooms have long been using artificial lighting sources, including fluorescent lamps, high pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, and incandescent lamps, etc. Among these, fluorescent lamps have been the most popular in tissue culture rooms. However, these lights have a wide range of wavelengths, from 350 to 750 cm. Such a wide range of wavelengths appears to be unnecessary and are of low quality for promoting plant growth, and the system consumes a lot of electrical power while generating heat in a tissue culture laboratory. Thus, there is a need for an efficient lighting source to improve the production efficiency, reduce costs, and improve the quality of the micropropagated plants. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been demonstrated to be an artificial flexible lighting source which has significant effects on biological processes. Using LEDs can choose suitable wavelengths with the growth and development of plants, thereby increasing the maximum yield of plants. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to investigate the effects of LEDs on plants, which have led to many satisfactory results. Various morphological, anatomical, and physiological attributes such as shoot elongation, axillary shoot formation, somatic embryo induction, rhizogenesis, and leaf anatomy, accumulation of secondary metabolites and photosynthetic abilities of plants grown in vitro have found to be regulated by spectral properties of LEDs. The potentials of LED as an effective light source for indoor agricultural production have been explored to a great extent. This paper provides a brief development history of LEDs and a broad base review on LED applications in plant tissue culture and indoor plant cultivation.