The study was implemented to assess the quality of surface and underground water environment, and find out the sources of water pollution and give suggestions to minimize water environmental pollution in Nha Long commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province in order to meet environmental criteria of new rural building process. The underground water samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory of Life Science Institute - Thai Nguyen university. The results shown that: all factors pH, Fe, Amoni and Coliform still are lower allowance value in QCVN 02:2009/BYT. However, surface water source within Nha Long commune is facing with sources of pollution such as: wastewater, solid waste, animal waste and agricultural cultivation activities.