Objective: To determine the influence of hemodialysis on plasma levels of the B-type natriuretic peptide in chronic renal failure patients. Subjects and methods: The prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of 61 patients who aged more than 18 years old and have been receiving dialysis for at least 3 months at Can Tho Central General Hospital and Can Tho General Hospital. Results: The medians of pre-dialysis BNP, post- dialysis BNP, and the change in BNP were 1046 [28.2- 9420] pg/mL, 1131 [23- 9870] pg/mL, and 11 [-2264 - 1048] pg/mL, respectively. Plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide did not change significantly after hemodialysis. BNP was found to increase in 39 patients (63:9 percent) and decrease in 22 (36.1 percent). BNPRR significantly associated with KtN (r = -0.34, p= 0.006), URR (r = -0.41, p=0.001). However, there is no relationship between BNPRR and the time on dialysis, change in weight, and ultrafiltration volume (p 0.05). Conclusion: Plasma level of B- type natriuretic peptide did not decrease significantly after hemodialysis in ESRD patients.