BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After reports that complete lymph node dissection (CLND) did not improve melanoma-specific survival of sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive patients, the use of CLND has diminished but it is still carried out for selected patients. We sought to assess differences in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and tertiary care costs among the Finnish Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT)-II-patients. PATIENTS/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 patients randomized to CLND and 55 to nodal observation completed a modified version of the standardized and validated, RAND-36 questionnaire at baseline, 4 months and annually up to 5 years. Tertiary care costs between the groups were also compared. RESULTS: At 60 months, the mean HRQoL score for the CLND and observation groups for General Health were 77.3 versus 65.0 (p = 0.007, adjusted p = 0.065), for role limitations due to physical health 89.5 versus 72.3 (p = 0.029, adjusted p = 0.203) and for role limitations due to emotional problems 91.4 versus 71.9 (p = 0.006, adjusted p = 0.065) and at 48 months, 92.8 versus 71.3 (p = 0.002, adjusted p = 0.056). Median costs per patient were higher in the CLND group at 4 months but the difference disappeared during follow-up. INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that undergoing CLND after a positive SLN biopsy is not a predictor of worse HRQoL. CLND generates greater costs initially, but there seem to be no major differences in total cost per patient between the two groups.