The Mantids were collected by net and light trap from different localities in Vietnam during 2000-2010. The Giglio - Tos classification of Mantoidea was used to identify the collected Mantids. The specimens are preserved in Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR). A total of 50 Mantid species were identified belonging to 31 genera of the two families Hymenopodidae (12 species) and Mantoidae (38 species). Except the widespread species Mantis religiosa all other collected Mantids belong to the Oriental fauna. Among the 50 recorded species, 16 species are widespread in the Oriental Region, 14 species range from the Indian peninsula, Indochina peninsula, Malaya peninsula up to the South East Asian archipelagos, 10 species are known from the South China area and 9 ones were only recorded from Vietnam. This paper provides a key to the genera and deals with 18 new records for Vietnam namely Theopropus elegans, Acromantis formosana, A. indica, Odontomantis monticola, Theopompa servillei, Toxodera denticulata, paratoxodera meggitti, Haania doroshenkoi, H. vitalisi, Gimantis authaemon, Gonypeta brigittae, Bimantis malaccana, Deiphobe incisa, D. yunnanensis, Tenodera fasciata, Rhombodera basalis, R. valida and Hierodula membranacea. The common Mantid genera in Vietnam are Creobroter, Acromantis, Leptomantella, Euchomenella, Statilia, Tenodera, Mantis, Rhombodera, and Hierodula, while several species of the genera such as Hymenopus
Toxodera
Paratoxodera and Deroplatys are rare.